Ethanol can extract flavonoids, while carbon dioxide can be manipulated to extract different compounds depending on the conditions (Blake and Nahtigal 2019). Hydrocarbon extraction methods can be used to avoid unwanted water and pigments such as chlorophyll. Solventless methods such as dry sieve and water extraction are particularly known to extract entire trichomes. These procedures reduce the need for synthetic and organic solvents, cut down on operational time, and produce a better quality extract with a higher yield (Azmir et al. Recent methods including ultrasonic-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid, and pressurized liquid extraction processes can be considered as an alternative, slightly greener, options as opposed to the conventional methods. For example, conventional methods of extraction including Soxhlet and dynamic maceration have longer extraction time and large amounts of solvent are required to complete the extraction process (Agarwal et al. This review focuses on various drying and extraction methods while comparing conventional and most recent methods. 2021).ĭifferent methods of extraction will yield varying degrees of extract quality and composition depending on the procedure and substances used (Blake and Nahtigal 2019). They also reviewed various parameters that affect cannabinoid transformation after extraction (Valizadehderakhshan et al. ( 2021) compared different extraction methods for seed and trichomes in Cannabis sativa L. The process of extraction is commonly employed to obtain target bioactive compounds from complex plant matter, yet it can also be altered to cater for many purposes, for instance, increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of bioassays by increasing the concentration of a target compound, as well as providing a potent and reproducible sample matrix (Smith 2003). This creates a gap in the literature that should be explored more extensively (Smith 2003). However, the field of extraction is often neglected and is not studied as thoroughly as other processes. Failing to designate a fitting method of sample preparation can jeopardize any analytical procedure resulting in unfavorable outcomes. To further continue scientific research on the selection, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds, the selection of a suitable extraction process is imperative (Azmir et al. This is due to the increased understanding of the dynamic nature and potential of diverse bioactive molecules from natural sources (Azmir et al. The separation of bioactive compounds has recently become rapidly sought after by the pharmaceutical and food industries. For pharmaceutical and food applications, the extraction and isolation of active components and combinations of identified cannabinoids are critical steps that should be explored (Fathordoobady et al. Each product type presents its own set of advantages and disadvantages allowing for customization to serve a particular purpose (Blake and Nahtigal 2019). Currently available products, medicinal or recreational, come in the forms of topicals, edibles, beverages, and vaporization cartridges. However, as the industry expands, the need for cannabis products in different forms and higher potency also increases. Traditionally, the dried cannabis flower has been a popular product for the use of smoking and vaping. 2018 Romano and Hazekamp 2013) (Table (Table1 1).Īs the cannabis industry transitions from a black market to a legal market, product development, and methods of extraction have become a focal point. These compounds have shown to have therapeutic effects on a range of conditions such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, movement disorders, anorexia in HIV patients, nausea, and pain after chemotherapy in cancer patients (Namdar et al. Among all the known compounds in the cannabis plant, cannabinoids and terpenes are the most active compounds with therapeutic potential which largely synthesized in those glandular trichomes. Female cannabis plants produce more glandular trichomes compared to the male plant. In any case, cannabis is dioicous, meaning it exhibits both male and female reproductive structures in separate individual plants. Within the genus, the number of species is disputed, and the traditional nomenclature of sativa and indica may not be correct or useful in determining therapeutic potential. Hybrid species are variable depending on the parent plant they can be sativa dominant, indica dominant, or balanced. Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are generally well known, while subspecies Cannabis ruderalis is often overlooked due to its limited ability in producing active compounds (Gloss 2015). Cannabis is a flowering plant from the Cannabaceae family and genus Cannabis.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |